What the Tao Te Ching does, time and time again, is attempt to show us how we might see things if we could spend more time in awareness, and less in naming. But what if we stop obsessively naming everything and instead just - pardon me while I slip in to full on hippy mode for a moment - rest in awareness? We're accustomed to perceiving our world and all the objects in it by naming them. Naming is the origin of all particular things." The second line of Mitchell's translation opens up the nature of the dysfunction. It's the compulsive need to answer unanswerable questions that is, in Taoist philosophy, the mind's great dysfunction. If that first line resembles the famous zen koan "what is the sound of one hand clapping?", it is because it's derived from a parallel philosophical tradition, and exists to fulfil the same purpose. Many readers derive more anger than comfort from the philosophy of the Tao Te Ching.
Mitchell does a remarkable job of interpreting the more abstruse metaphors of the fourth-century mind for modern audiences - although, this does of course leave the possibility that it is actually the wisdom of Mitchell, not Laozi, shining through these words. The third is from the most popular modern translation by Stephen Mitchell. The tao that can be told, is not the eternal Tao. The Tao that can be trodden is not the enduring and unchanging Tao.
Take this collection of more than 100 versions of the famous opening verse: Texts as old as the Tao Te Ching are subject to the problems of both translation and interpretation.
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